↑ (Latin) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I (10th ed.). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 824.
↑ Zum Wal in der Marienkirche (in German). St. Mary's Church, Greifswald. Truy cập 2010-02-16
↑ LeDuc, R. G.; Perrin, W. F.; Dizon, A. E. (1999). "Phylogenetic relationships among the delphinid cetaceans based on full cytochrome b sequences". Marine Mammal Science 15 (3): 619–648. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00833.x.
↑ (Baird 2002). Status of Killer Whales in Canada. Contract report to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Also published as Status of Killer Whales, Orcinus orca, in Canada The Canadian Field-Naturalist 115 (4) (2001), 676–701. Truy cập 2010-01-26.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Pitman, Robert L. and Ensor, Paul (2003). "Three forms of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Antarctic waters". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 5 (2): 131–139.
↑ De Bruyn, P. J. N.; Tosh, C. A.; Terauds, A. (2013). "Killer whale ecotypes: Is there a global model?". Biological Reviews 88 (1): 62–80. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00239.x. PMID 22882545. edit
↑ Berta, Annalisa; Sumich, James L.; Kovacs, Kit M. (2006). Marine mammals: evolutionary biology. Academic Press. p. 387. ISBN 978-0-12-088552-7.
↑ Ford J.K.B., G.M. Ellis, L.G. Barrett-Lennard, A.B. Morton, R.S. Palm, and K.C. Balcomb. 1998. Dietary specialization in two sympatric populations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in coastal British Columbia and adjacent waters. Canadian Journal Zoology 76: 1456–1471.
↑ Pyle, Peter; Schramm, Mary Jane; Keiper, Carol and Anderson, Scot D. (1999). "Predation on a white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) by a killer whale (Orcinus orca) and a possible case of competitive displacement". Marine Mammal Science 15 (2): 563–568. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00822.x.
↑ Dahlheim, M.E., A. Schulman-Janiger, N. Black, R. Ternullo, D. Ellifrit and, K.C. Balcomb 2008. Eastern temperate North Pacific offshore killer whales (Orcinus orca): Occurrence, movements, and insights into feeding ecology. Marine Mammal Science, 24:719–729
↑ Rare White Killer Whale Spotted in Alaskan Waters From NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson, news release, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, ngày 6 tháng 3 năm 2008. Truy cập 2010-03-20
↑ Baird, R.W., and Dill, L.M. 1995. Occurrence and behaviour of transient killer whales: seasonal and pod-specific variability, foraging behaviour, and prey handling. Canadian Journal Zoolology 73:1300– 1311.
↑ Barrett-Lennard LG, Ellis GM. 2001. Population structure and genetic variability in northeastern Pacific killer whales: Towards an assessment of population viability. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Ottawa, Canada.
↑ Chadwick, Douglas H. (April 2005). "Investigating A Killer". National Geographic.
↑ Bourton, Jody. Two killer whale types found in UK waters, Earth News, BBC, ngày 5 tháng 1 năm 2010. Truy cập 2010-02-23.
↑ Foote, Andrew D.; Newton, Jason; Piertney, Stuart B.; Willerslev, Eske; Gilbert, M. Thomas P. (2009). "Ecological, morphological and genetic divergence of sympatric North Atlantic killer whale populations". Molecular Ecology 18 (24): 5207. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04407.x. PMID 20050301.
↑ Waite, J.M., N.A. Friday and S.E. Moore. 2002. Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) distribution and abundance in the central and southeastern Bering Sea, July 1999 and June 2000. Marine Mammal Science 18:779-786
↑ Christensen, I. 1984. Growth and reproduction of killer whales, Orcinus orca, in Norwegian coastal waters. Reports of the International Whaling Commission Special Issue, 6: 253–258.
↑ Evans, W. E.; Yablokov, A. V. and Bowles, A. E. (1982). Geographic Variation in the Color Pattern of Killer Whales (Orcinus orca), Reports of the International Whaling Commission 32: 687–694. Truy cập 2010-02-16.
↑ Pitman, Robert L.; Durban, John W.; Greenfelder, Michael; Guinet, Christophe; Jorgensen, Morton; Olson, Paula A.; Plana, Jordi; Tixier, Paul; Towers, Jared R. (2010). "Observations of a distinctive morphotype of killer whale (Orcinus orca), type D, from subantarctic waters". Polar Biology 34 (2): 303–306. doi:10.1007/s00300-010-0871-3.
↑ Rejcek, Peter. "The Antarctic Sun: News about Antarctica – Killer News". Antarcticsun.usap.gov. Truy cập 2011-02-16.
↑ Gorter, Uko. Newsletter of the Puget Sound Chapter of the American Cetacean Society, Spring 2004. Truy cập 2010-02-16.
↑ Pitman, Robert L.; Robertson, Kelly M.; Leduc, Richard G. (2008). "Mitochondrial sequence divergence among Antarctic killer whale ecotypes is consistent with multiple species". Biology Letters 4 (4): 426. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0168. PMC 2610147. PMID 18524738.
↑ Mitchell, E. and Baker, A. N. (1980). Age of reputedly old Killer Whale, Orcinus orca, 'Old Tom' from Eden, Twofold Bay, Australia, in: W. F. Perrin and A. C. Myrick Jr (eds.): Age determination of toothed whales and sirenians, pp. 143–154 Rep. Int. Whal. Commn (Special Issue 3), cited in Know the Killer Whale, The Dolphin's Encyclopaedia. Truy cập 2010-01-27
↑ Forney, K.A.; Wade, P. (2007). "Worldwide distribution and abundance of killer whales". In Estes, James A.; DeMaster, Douglas P.; Doak, Daniel F.; Williams, Terrie M.; Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Whales, whaling and ocean ecosystems. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 145–162. ISBN 978-0-520-24884-7.